Lindbergh royalty-free stock footage

229 lindbergh royalty-free stock videos

See lindbergh stock images
of 3
CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh makes a historic flight from Washington D.C., to Mexico City in 1927.
hd01:24CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh makes a historic flight from Washington D.C., to Mexico City in 1927.
1920s: Charles Lindbergh rides in back of convertible car down street in parade.
4k00:241920s: Charles Lindbergh rides in back of convertible car down street in parade.
1920s: Pilot Charles Lindbergh prepares to fly the Spirit of St. Louis aircraft on a transatlantic flight, in 1927.
sd00:501920s: Pilot Charles Lindbergh prepares to fly the Spirit of St. Louis aircraft on a transatlantic flight, in 1927.
CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh takes off in the Spirit of St. Louis.
hd00:30CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh takes off in the Spirit of St. Louis.
Back view of an airplane taking off in the Lindbergh Field in San Diego.
hd00:25Back view of an airplane taking off in the Lindbergh Field in San Diego.
CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh is seen before departing for his first solo transatlantic flight.
hd00:33CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh is seen before departing for his first solo transatlantic flight.
CIRCA 1930s - The Lindberghs enlist members of the underworld to help search for their baby Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. after he was kidnapped from their home in Hopewell, New Jersey in 1932.
sd02:00CIRCA 1930s - The Lindberghs enlist members of the underworld to help search for their baby Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. after he was kidnapped from their home in Hopewell, New Jersey in 1932.
1930s: Suspect Bruno Richard Hauptmann is indicted in the kidnapping of the baby of Charles Augustus Lindbergh and wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh and the crime scene, Highlands, Lindbergh's estate
sd01:341930s: Suspect Bruno Richard Hauptmann is indicted in the kidnapping of the baby of Charles Augustus Lindbergh and wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh and the crime scene, Highlands, Lindbergh's estate
1920s - Charles Lindberg helps promote air travel. The beginnings of the airline industry is shown.
sd01:111920s - Charles Lindberg helps promote air travel. The beginnings of the airline industry is shown.
CIRCA 1920s - Aviators John Alcock, Arthur Brown and Charles Lindbergh are shown as well as stunt flying.
hd01:47CIRCA 1920s - Aviators John Alcock, Arthur Brown and Charles Lindbergh are shown as well as stunt flying.
1930s: Ransom notes, suspect Bruno Richard Hauptmann, lawmen investigating, discovering ransom money and clothing from the kidnapped baby of Charles Augustus Lindbergh
sd01:441930s: Ransom notes, suspect Bruno Richard Hauptmann, lawmen investigating, discovering ransom money and clothing from the kidnapped baby of Charles Augustus Lindbergh
Reveal type clip of Mexico City´s skyline while hovering over Foro Lindbergh in Parque México located in La Condesa neighborhood.
4k00:20Reveal type clip of Mexico City´s skyline while hovering over Foro Lindbergh in Parque México located in La Condesa neighborhood.
CIRCA 1929 - Charles Lindbergh visits the USS Saratoga.
hd01:26CIRCA 1929 - Charles Lindbergh visits the USS Saratoga.
CIRCA 1930s - The United States calls on 1400 cities to help in the search for baby Charles A. Lindbergh Jr., kidnapped from his home in New Jersey, in 1932.
sd00:43CIRCA 1930s - The United States calls on 1400 cities to help in the search for baby Charles A. Lindbergh Jr., kidnapped from his home in New Jersey, in 1932.
CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh prepares to fly from Washington DC in the Spirit of St. Louis.
hd01:25CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh prepares to fly from Washington DC in the Spirit of St. Louis.
Charles Lindbergh lands in Belgium and pays homage to the Unknown Soldier in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:28Charles Lindbergh lands in Belgium and pays homage to the Unknown Soldier in the 1920s. (1920s)
Charles Lindbergh rides in a car in a parade in a his honor in Washington DC in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:34Charles Lindbergh rides in a car in a parade in a his honor in Washington DC in the 1920s. (1920s)
Charles Lindbergh boards and takes off in the Spirit of St. Louis plane in Long Island in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:49Charles Lindbergh boards and takes off in the Spirit of St. Louis plane in Long Island in the 1920s. (1920s)
CIRCA 1929 - Charles Lindbergh visits the USS Saratoga.
hd01:26CIRCA 1929 - Charles Lindbergh visits the USS Saratoga.
CIRCA 1935 - From behind bars, Richard Hauptmann protests his innocence in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping.
hd01:23CIRCA 1935 - From behind bars, Richard Hauptmann protests his innocence in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping.
CIRCA 1945 - Early aerial heroes such as Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart are seen, as are other aviatrixes.
hd01:20CIRCA 1945 - Early aerial heroes such as Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart are seen, as are other aviatrixes.
CIRCA 1920s - President Calvin Coolidge gives the distinguished cross to aviator Charles Lindbergh's following his 1927 historic flight.
hd02:01CIRCA 1920s - President Calvin Coolidge gives the distinguished cross to aviator Charles Lindbergh's following his 1927 historic flight.
CIRCA 1920s - Chicago greets Charles Lindbergh after his historic 1927 flight.
hd00:42CIRCA 1920s - Chicago greets Charles Lindbergh after his historic 1927 flight.
1920s: Lindbergh inspects the airplane, crawling underneath. Men in unform watch Lindbergh inspect the airplane.
4k00:191920s: Lindbergh inspects the airplane, crawling underneath. Men in unform watch Lindbergh inspect the airplane.
1920s: A car pulls up to a large building surrounded with crowds. The door is opened and Lindbergh gets out. Lindbergh faces the crowd.
4k00:121920s: A car pulls up to a large building surrounded with crowds. The door is opened and Lindbergh gets out. Lindbergh faces the crowd.
1920s: Crowd greets Lindbergh getting out of car. Lindbergh takes off his hat and poses next to the Spirit of St. Louis airplane.
4k00:051920s: Crowd greets Lindbergh getting out of car. Lindbergh takes off his hat and poses next to the Spirit of St. Louis airplane.
1920s: Huge crowd run to get closer to Lindbergh and his plane. Charles Lindbergh speaks into a megaphone from a balcony. Crowd waves their hats and cheers.
4k00:071920s: Huge crowd run to get closer to Lindbergh and his plane. Charles Lindbergh speaks into a megaphone from a balcony. Crowd waves their hats and cheers.
1920s: A large crowd cheers and waves for Lindbergh. Lindbergh stands next to uniformed Officer and looks at the crowd. Pilot and co-pilot in the plane.
4k00:101920s: A large crowd cheers and waves for Lindbergh. Lindbergh stands next to uniformed Officer and looks at the crowd. Pilot and co-pilot in the plane.
1920s: Lindbergh descends gangplank with uniformed officers. Lindbergh shakes hands and greets crowd.
4k00:071920s: Lindbergh descends gangplank with uniformed officers. Lindbergh shakes hands and greets crowd.
1920s: Lindbergh shakes hand with a few men by the airplane and climbs inside the small plane. Lindbergh smiles from the window.
4k00:071920s: Lindbergh shakes hand with a few men by the airplane and climbs inside the small plane. Lindbergh smiles from the window.
Jane Morrow Lindbergh is awarded the Hubbard Medal by the National Geographic Society in honor of her role as co-pilot to her husband Charles Lindbergh during the aerial surveys he conducted
sd00:27Jane Morrow Lindbergh is awarded the Hubbard Medal by the National Geographic Society in honor of her role as co-pilot to her husband Charles Lindbergh during the aerial surveys he conducted
1920s - Charles Lindbergh and Henry Ford at Ford airport in 1927.
sd00:361920s - Charles Lindbergh and Henry Ford at Ford airport in 1927.
CIRCA 1927 - President Coolidge awards Charles Lindbergh with the Distinguished Flying Cross.
hd01:09CIRCA 1927 - President Coolidge awards Charles Lindbergh with the Distinguished Flying Cross.
CIRCA 1927 - A parade is thrown in honor of Charles Lindbergh's arrival in Washington DC. Huge crowds await his arrival at the Washington Monument.
hd01:23CIRCA 1927 - A parade is thrown in honor of Charles Lindbergh's arrival in Washington DC. Huge crowds await his arrival at the Washington Monument.
CIRCA 1927 - The USS Memphis brings Charles Lindbergh to the Washington Navy Yard, where he is met by his mother and President Coolidge.
hd01:00CIRCA 1927 - The USS Memphis brings Charles Lindbergh to the Washington Navy Yard, where he is met by his mother and President Coolidge.
CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh sails into port on a US Navy ship.
hd00:54CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh sails into port on a US Navy ship.
CIRCA 1920s - The world celebrates Charles Lindbergh's 1927 historic flight.
hd01:13CIRCA 1920s - The world celebrates Charles Lindbergh's 1927 historic flight.
CIRCA 1920s - The world celebrates Charles Lindbergh's 1927 historic flight.
hd00:55CIRCA 1920s - The world celebrates Charles Lindbergh's 1927 historic flight.
CIRCA 1920s - President Calvin Coolidge gives the distinguished cross to aviator Charles Lindbergh's following his 1927 historic flight.
hd00:41CIRCA 1920s - President Calvin Coolidge gives the distinguished cross to aviator Charles Lindbergh's following his 1927 historic flight.
CIRCA 1930s - Police search for kidnapped Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. in Hopewell, New Jersey and a house has exploded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1932.
sd01:24CIRCA 1930s - Police search for kidnapped Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. in Hopewell, New Jersey and a house has exploded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1932.
CIRCA 1930s - Police search extensively as the nation is shocked at the kidnapping of baby Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. in Hopewell, New Jersey in March 1932.
sd02:16CIRCA 1930s - Police search extensively as the nation is shocked at the kidnapping of baby Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. in Hopewell, New Jersey in March 1932.
CIRCA 1957 - The development of helicopters and airplanes in the 1920s.
hd01:19CIRCA 1957 - The development of helicopters and airplanes in the 1920s.
Charles Lindbergh is welcomed in Belgian and Croydon, London in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:43Charles Lindbergh is welcomed in Belgian and Croydon, London in the 1920s. (1920s)
Charles Lindbergh is welcomed in US Embassy in London in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:16Charles Lindbergh is welcomed in US Embassy in London in the 1920s. (1920s)
CIRCA 1941 --Lindbergh makes a speech demanding that the voices of majority be heard on the issues of war.
hd00:59CIRCA 1941 --Lindbergh makes a speech demanding that the voices of majority be heard on the issues of war.
CIRCA 1965 Ken Murray travels to Hollywood by plane, and Charles Lindbergh lands in Burbank.
hd01:10CIRCA 1965 Ken Murray travels to Hollywood by plane, and Charles Lindbergh lands in Burbank.
1920s: Large crowd of people are gathered, filling street. Charles Lindbergh speaks to crowd from balcony of building.
4k00:231920s: Large crowd of people are gathered, filling street. Charles Lindbergh speaks to crowd from balcony of building.
1920s: Large crowd of people are gathered, filling street. Charles Lindbergh is surrounded by people.
4k00:231920s: Large crowd of people are gathered, filling street. Charles Lindbergh is surrounded by people.
1920s: Airplane comes in for landing. Airplanes taxis on ground and comes to stop. Charles Lindbergh is surrounded by people.
4k00:231920s: Airplane comes in for landing. Airplanes taxis on ground and comes to stop. Charles Lindbergh is surrounded by people.
1920s: Group of people gathered for event, some in uniform. Charles Lindbergh talks while surrounded by people.
4k00:181920s: Group of people gathered for event, some in uniform. Charles Lindbergh talks while surrounded by people.
San Diego, CA / United States - 12 09 2018: A Southwest Airline flight lands at Lindbergh Field in San Diego
hd00:24San Diego, CA / United States - 12 09 2018: A Southwest Airline flight lands at Lindbergh Field in San Diego
1920s: Pilot Charles Lindbergh flies from New York to Ireland, during a historic transatlantic flight, in 1927.
sd02:381920s: Pilot Charles Lindbergh flies from New York to Ireland, during a historic transatlantic flight, in 1927.
ST. THOMAS, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - 2017: Tropical Beach Resort on Lindbergh Bay with Tourists Enjoying Summer Vacation in an Exotic Palm Tree Setting
4k00:22ST. THOMAS, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - 2017: Tropical Beach Resort on Lindbergh Bay with Tourists Enjoying Summer Vacation in an Exotic Palm Tree Setting
ST. THOMAS, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - 2017: Tropical Resort on Lindbergh Bay with Tourists Enjoying Summer Vacation in an Exotic Beach Setting
4k00:24ST. THOMAS, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - 2017: Tropical Resort on Lindbergh Bay with Tourists Enjoying Summer Vacation in an Exotic Beach Setting
1910s - Charles Lindbergh lands the Spirit Of St. Louis at an airfield in 1919 and people purchase tickets for a commercial sightseeing flight.
sd01:531910s - Charles Lindbergh lands the Spirit Of St. Louis at an airfield in 1919 and people purchase tickets for a commercial sightseeing flight.
1940s - People disembark from an early commercial airline flight and go straight to their Ford cars in 1941.
sd01:011940s - People disembark from an early commercial airline flight and go straight to their Ford cars in 1941.
CIRCA 1927 - Mayor Thompson introduces Charles Lindbergh to a crowd in Chicago; Lindbergh then gives a speech.
hd00:49CIRCA 1927 - Mayor Thompson introduces Charles Lindbergh to a crowd in Chicago; Lindbergh then gives a speech.
San Diego, California / United States - 12 08 2018: Timelapse of planes entering in a runway and taking off in Lindbergh Field in San Diego
hd00:10San Diego, California / United States - 12 08 2018: Timelapse of planes entering in a runway and taking off in Lindbergh Field in San Diego
Back view of an airplane taking off in the Lindbergh Field in San Diego.
hd00:12Back view of an airplane taking off in the Lindbergh Field in San Diego.
1920s: Man in suit speaks into microphone as Linderbergh stands at his side. Man places medal around Lindbergh's neck. 
4k00:121920s: Man in suit speaks into microphone as Linderbergh stands at his side. Man places medal around Lindbergh's neck. 
1920s: Crowd waves hats in front of building. Lindbergh waves from balcony draped in flags. American flag flutters in breeze.
4k00:111920s: Crowd waves hats in front of building. Lindbergh waves from balcony draped in flags. American flag flutters in breeze.
1920s: Lindbergh and a man in a uniform open a book of maps and trace the airplane route.
4k00:071920s: Lindbergh and a man in a uniform open a book of maps and trace the airplane route.
1920s: Men in uniform ride motorcycles and cars through a parade route. Lindbergh climbs on to stone balcony draped in flags.
4k00:061920s: Men in uniform ride motorcycles and cars through a parade route. Lindbergh climbs on to stone balcony draped in flags.
1920s: Men in uniform ride motorcycles and cars through a parade route. Crowds watch Lindbergh wave from an open car.
4k00:161920s: Men in uniform ride motorcycles and cars through a parade route. Crowds watch Lindbergh wave from an open car.
1920s: Lindbergh climbs into cockpit and men help move the plane. Bi-plane takes off from field.
4k00:071920s: Lindbergh climbs into cockpit and men help move the plane. Bi-plane takes off from field.
1920s: Crowds gather and salute a floral wreath that is laid. Lindbergh stands in the crowd in front of the wreath.
4k00:061920s: Crowds gather and salute a floral wreath that is laid. Lindbergh stands in the crowd in front of the wreath.
1920s: Lindbergh stands on a balcony and is greeted by a crowd.
4k00:081920s: Lindbergh stands on a balcony and is greeted by a crowd.
1920s: Lindbergh in the back seat of open top car. Parade of marchers.
4k00:051920s: Lindbergh in the back seat of open top car. Parade of marchers.
1920s: Small boat sails with many people aboard. Aerial view of the Statue of Liberty. Ships steaming decorated with flags. Lindbergh waves from the deck of a ship. Fireboats stream water.
4k00:191920s: Small boat sails with many people aboard. Aerial view of the Statue of Liberty. Ships steaming decorated with flags. Lindbergh waves from the deck of a ship. Fireboats stream water.
1920s: Ticker tape parade in New York City. Crowds on sidewalk as people and bands march. Lindbergh rides in the back of car. Aerial views of crowds in hats.
4k00:171920s: Ticker tape parade in New York City. Crowds on sidewalk as people and bands march. Lindbergh rides in the back of car. Aerial views of crowds in hats.
1920s: Lindbergh in aviation jacket smiles and poses for camera.
4k00:041920s: Lindbergh in aviation jacket smiles and poses for camera.
1920s: Plane flies high in the air. United States of America flag flutters. Intertitle "Lindbergh's Triumph - Paris - 30,000 greet flyer as he completes his epochal flight".
4k00:131920s: Plane flies high in the air. United States of America flag flutters. Intertitle "Lindbergh's Triumph - Paris - 30,000 greet flyer as he completes his epochal flight".
CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh take his Mom, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh, for a flight in the 1920s.
sd00:56CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh take his Mom, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh, for a flight in the 1920s.
San Diego, CA / United States - 12 09 2018: A commercial airline flight lands at Lindbergh Field in San Diego
hd00:09San Diego, CA / United States - 12 09 2018: A commercial airline flight lands at Lindbergh Field in San Diego
1960s - The Paris air show of 1967.
sd02:311960s - The Paris air show of 1967.
Charles Lindbergh poses next to the Spirit of St. Louis plane in Long Island before take off in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:40Charles Lindbergh poses next to the Spirit of St. Louis plane in Long Island before take off in the 1920s. (1920s)
Charles Lindbergh gives a speech after receiving the Distinguished Flying Cross at the Washington monument in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd01:12Charles Lindbergh gives a speech after receiving the Distinguished Flying Cross at the Washington monument in the 1920s. (1920s)
A mass of French citizens gather to see Charles Lindbergh land in the Spirit of St. Louis plane in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd01:06A mass of French citizens gather to see Charles Lindbergh land in the Spirit of St. Louis plane in the 1920s. (1920s)
Charles Lindbergh travels aboard the USS Memphis up the Potomac in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:48Charles Lindbergh travels aboard the USS Memphis up the Potomac in the 1920s. (1920s)
French President Doumergue awards Charles Lindbergh with the Cross of the Legion of Honor in Paris in the 1920s. (1920s)
sd00:30French President Doumergue awards Charles Lindbergh with the Cross of the Legion of Honor in Paris in the 1920s. (1920s)
Famous aviation pioneers include, Charles and Anne Lindbergh, Ruth Rowland Nichols, and Wiley Post, setting the first long distance world records in the 1930s. (1940s)
sd01:35Famous aviation pioneers include, Charles and Anne Lindbergh, Ruth Rowland Nichols, and Wiley Post, setting the first long distance world records in the 1930s. (1940s)
Back view of an airplane taking off in the Lindbergh Field in San Diego.
hd00:36Back view of an airplane taking off in the Lindbergh Field in San Diego.
CIRCA 1974 - Charles Lindbergh and athletes of the 1920s and 1930s are celebrated.
hd00:54CIRCA 1974 - Charles Lindbergh and athletes of the 1920s and 1930s are celebrated.
CIRCA 1930s - Hauptmanns, kidnapper of Charles Lindbergh's child, statement from behind bars 1935
sd01:23CIRCA 1930s - Hauptmanns, kidnapper of Charles Lindbergh's child, statement from behind bars 1935
CIRCA 1930s - The French ambassador to the United States gives Col. Lindberg a medal of honor in 1931
hd00:22CIRCA 1930s - The French ambassador to the United States gives Col. Lindberg a medal of honor in 1931
CIRCA 1910s - Charles Lindberg helps promote air travel in 1918.
hd01:11CIRCA 1910s - Charles Lindberg helps promote air travel in 1918.
Zoom/fly in to the Spirit of St. Louis aircraft flying over the North Atlantic on record making flight from New York, U.S.A to Paris, France in May of 1927.
4k00:12Zoom/fly in to the Spirit of St. Louis aircraft flying over the North Atlantic on record making flight from New York, U.S.A to Paris, France in May of 1927.
1930s - Jafsie Condon, famous Lindbergh case witness, returns from a sudden Central American vacation to face further questioning in 1936.
sd00:391930s - Jafsie Condon, famous Lindbergh case witness, returns from a sudden Central American vacation to face further questioning in 1936.
The Spirit of St. Louis aircraft flying over the North Atlantic on record making flight from New York, U.S.A to Paris, France in May of 1927.
4k00:12The Spirit of St. Louis aircraft flying over the North Atlantic on record making flight from New York, U.S.A to Paris, France in May of 1927.
CIRCA 1929 - Charles Lindbergh boards a biplane on the flight deck of the USS Saratoga.
hd01:18CIRCA 1929 - Charles Lindbergh boards a biplane on the flight deck of the USS Saratoga.
CIRCA 1957 - Major Risner sets a record in the Spirit of St. Louis II, following the path of Lindbergh's trans-Atlantic flight.
hd01:20CIRCA 1957 - Major Risner sets a record in the Spirit of St. Louis II, following the path of Lindbergh's trans-Atlantic flight.
Moscow, Soviet Union, about 1933. Lindbergh lands with his airplane in Moscow
sd00:35Moscow, Soviet Union, about 1933. Lindbergh lands with his airplane in Moscow
Minneapolis St Paul MSP International Airport Terminal 1 (One) Lindbergh Afternoon Bank of Departures and Arrivals 4K UHD Ultra HD Timelapse
4k00:21Minneapolis St Paul MSP International Airport Terminal 1 (One) Lindbergh Afternoon Bank of Departures and Arrivals 4K UHD Ultra HD Timelapse
CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh arrives at the Washington Navy Yard on The Memphis and is greeted by his mother.
hd00:34CIRCA 1927 - Charles Lindbergh arrives at the Washington Navy Yard on The Memphis and is greeted by his mother.
1910s - Charles Lindbergh lands the Spirit Of St. Louis at an airfield in 1919 and people purchase tickets for a commercial sightseeing flight.
sd01:531910s - Charles Lindbergh lands the Spirit Of St. Louis at an airfield in 1919 and people purchase tickets for a commercial sightseeing flight.
CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh and wife Anne Morrow\xEAs record-setting flight in the 1920s.
sd01:00CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh and wife Anne Morrow\xEAs record-setting flight in the 1920s.
CIRCA 1930s - Charles Lindbergh and Anne Lindbergh visit Kasumigaura, Japan and are greeted by enthusiastic crowds, in 1931.
sd01:39CIRCA 1930s - Charles Lindbergh and Anne Lindbergh visit Kasumigaura, Japan and are greeted by enthusiastic crowds, in 1931.
CIRCA 1930s - Charles Augustus Lindbergh and his wife, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, take off from an airfield in Glendale, California, in 1933.
sd00:44CIRCA 1930s - Charles Augustus Lindbergh and his wife, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, take off from an airfield in Glendale, California, in 1933.
CIRCA 1930s - Aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh depart Newark, New Jersey in an aircraft, in 1933.
sd00:47CIRCA 1930s - Aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh depart Newark, New Jersey in an aircraft, in 1933.
CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh travels aboard the USS Memphis up the Potomac in the 1920s.
sd00:48CIRCA 1920s - Charles Lindbergh travels aboard the USS Memphis up the Potomac in the 1920s.
Next
of 3